Cluster headache

Cluster headache is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of pain on one side of the head. The pain is very intense and can occur several times a day. They last between 15 minutes and 3 hours and are often accompanied by other symptoms such as eye redness, tearing and nasal congestion.

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The exact causes of cluster headache are not fully understood, but it is believed that hypothalamic dysfunction may play a role. Other factors such as changes in hormone levels, smoking or stress may also play a role.

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The diagnosis of cluster headache is based on the characteristic symptoms and a neurological examination. Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be done to rule out other disorders.

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There are several treatment options for cluster headache. Acute treatment includes the use of oxygen, triptans, or local anesthetics. Medications such as verapamil or steroids can be used in the long term. In severe cases, nerve stimulation or surgery may also be considered.

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The history of cluster headache goes back to the 19th century when the English doctor Wilfred Harris first described the symptoms. However, the disease was only described in the 1930s by the Austrian neurologist Heinrich Kunkel, and then got its name "cluster headache" due to the fact that the pain attacks occur in groups or "clusters". Since then, researchers have tried to understand the causes of the condition and to develop better treatment options.