Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes damage to the myelin sheaths, the protective covering of nerve fibers. This damage leads to disturbances in the transmission of nerve impulses, which can manifest itself in various symptoms.

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The exact cause of MS is not fully understood, but it is believed that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. Women are affected more often than men and the disease usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 40.

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Typical symptoms of MS include sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling, muscle weakness and stiffness, impaired coordination, blurred vision, bladder and bowel problems, and exhaustion. The symptoms can vary in severity and occur in flares, with improvement often occurring between flares.

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MS is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, brain and spinal cord imaging, and CSF testing. It is also ruled out that it is another disease with similar symptoms.

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Treatment of MS aims to relieve symptoms, slow the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life of those affected. Various medications are available that have an anti-inflammatory effect and influence the immune system. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, psychotherapy and a healthy lifestyle can also have a supportive effect.

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The first description of MS goes back to the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868. Since then, much research has been done on the disease and diagnostic and treatment options have improved. Nevertheless, MS is an incurable disease, which usually represents a great burden for those affected.